LAZERLI MODIFIKATSIYALASH TEXNOLOGIYASIDA LAZER QUVVATI VA SKANERLASH TEZLIGINING DETAL SIRT SIFATIGA TA’SIRINI BAHOLASH
Abstract
Mazkur maqolada mashinasozlik detallarining sirt qatlamlarini lazerli modifikatsiyalash jarayonida lazer quvvati va lazer nurining skanerlash tezligining detal sirt sifatiga ta’siri nazariy va hisobiy-parametrik jihatdan tadqiq etilgan. Lazerli modifikatsiyalash texnologiyasi detalning faqat sirtga yaqin qatlamiga yo‘naltirilgan yuqori energiyali termik ta’sir orqali uning qattiqligi, yeyilishga chidamliligi, ishqalanish xususiyatlari, mikrostrukturasi va sirt topografiyasini boshqarish imkonini beradi. Jarayon samaradorligi lazer quvvati, skanerlash tezligi, lazer dog‘i diametri, energiya zichligi, nurlanish davomiyligi va materialning termofizik xususiyatlari o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro bog‘liqlik bilan belgilanadi. Tadqiqotda lazer quvvati va skanerlash tezligini alohida parametr sifatida emas, balki birlik uzunlik va birlik yuza uchun uzatiladigan energiyani belgilovchi o‘zaro bog‘langan texnologik omillar sifatida baholash taklif etilgan. Uzluksiz lazer nuri uchun chiziqli energiya zichligi E_l=P/v va shartli yuza energiya zichligi E_A=P/(v·d) munosabatlari asosida parametrik hisoblar amalga oshirildi. Hisoblashlar lazer quvvati oshirilishi yoki skanerlash tezligi kamaytirilishi natijasida detal sirtiga beriladigan issiqlik miqdori ortishini, buning natijasida qizdirish chuqurligi va sirt qatlamining strukturaviy o‘zgarishi kuchayishini ko‘rsatadi. Shu bilan birga, haddan tashqari yuqori energiya kiritilishi sirtning erishi, qayta qotgan qatlam, oksidlanish, g‘adir-budurlikning ortishi va geometrik deformatsiyalarga olib kelishi mumkin. Aksincha, juda past energiya zichligi yetarli austenitlanish yoki kerakli sirt modifikatsiyasini ta’minlamaydi. Tadqiqot natijasida sirt sifatini boshqarishda “maksimal quvvat” emas, balki material uchun mos bo‘lgan energiya zichligi va skanerlash tezligi kombinatsiyasini aniqlash asosiy optimallashtirish mezoni bo‘lishi kerakligi asoslandi. Mazkur yondashuv mashinasozlik detallarining sirt qatlamlarini lazerli modifikatsiyalash texnologiyasini takomillashtirish, texnologik rejimlarni tanlash va ishlab chiqarish jarayonida nuqsonlar ehtimolini kamaytirish uchun metodik asos bo‘lib xizmat qilishi mumkin.
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